QRZ! Ham Radio 5/QRZ Ham Radio Callsign Database - Volume 5.iso/digests/infoham/940843.txt

Internet Message Format | 1994-11-13 | 25.8 KB

Date: Tue, 26 Jul 94 17:40:14 PDT
From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <[e-mail]>
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Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #843
To: Info-Hams


Info-Hams Digest            Tue, 26 Jul 94       Volume 94 : Issue  843

Today's Topics:
                            Ampr/Internet
                     ARLB064 FCC call sign update
                    ARRL Digital Conf Update 7/22
             Did CB's used to require licenses? (2 msgs)
                     Elmers, please read (Re: CW)
                       How to calc Locator code
                   how to get a reciprocal license
                           Kenwood TS-520S
                       Lead-calcium batteries
                              sock sizes
                        xNOS for FreeBSD 1.1??

Send Replies or notes for publication to: <[e-mail]>
Send subscription requests to: <[e-mail]>
Problems you can't solve otherwise to [e-mail].

Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available
(by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams".

We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text
herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official
policies or positions of any party.  Your mileage may vary.  So there.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Mon, 25 Jul 94 18:26:48 -0700
From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!news.cerf.net!gopher.sdsc.edu!nic-nac.CSU.net!charnel.ecst.csuchico.edu!csusac!csus.edu!netcom.com!netcomsv!lavc![e-mail]
Subject: Ampr/Internet
To: [e-mail]

As written by NEWS on 07-25-94 to ALL

> From: [e-mail]
> Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
> Subject: Ampr/Internet
> Date: 24 Jul 94 03:43:29 GMT
> Organization: ucsd usenet gateway

> Somewhere I read or heard about IP 44.102.48.2 in or near
> detroit being available from internet telnet and a conference bridge
> style operation.  What I dont remember is that there was
> a port number associated with it, something like 3000.

> Can someone fill the blanks in my feeble memory?

>     jd

Usually if you just *telnet* to the station and then type *conv* after
logging on, you will be connected to the *converse bridge*. I have no
idea if he might have it set up differently, but that's the way the guys
do it out here in So. CA.

Good luck & TTYL,

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 25 Jul 1994 17:32:58 MDT
From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!math.ohio-state.edu!scipio.cyberstore.ca!vanbc.wimsey.com!unixg.ubc.ca!quartz.ucs.ualberta.ca!alberta!ve6mgs![e-mail]
Subject: ARLB064 FCC call sign update
To: [e-mail]

SB QST @ ARL $ARLB064
ARLB064 FCC call sign update

ZCZC AG29
QST de W1AW
ARRL Bulletin 64  ARLB064
>From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT  July 25, 1994
To all radio amateurs

SB QST ARL ARLB064
ARLB064 FCC call sign update

FCC ISSUED CALL SIGN UPDATE

The following is a list of the FCC's most recently issued call signs
as of July 1.

District       Group A        Group B        Group C        Group D
               Extra          Advanced       Tech/Gen       Novice

0              AA0RE          KG0NM           ++            KB0NHL
1              AA1JH          KD1VH          N1SCZ          KB1BIG
2              AA2SM          KF2VW          N2ZDJ          KB2QZR
3              AA3HY          KE3NH          N3SFO          KB3BCL
4              AD4SV          KR4TT           ++            KE4MXM
5              AB5UN          KJ5YG           ++            KC5HFC
6              AC6CT          KO6DF           ++            KE6IFY
7              AB7CQ          KI7ZD           ++            KC7DBL
8              AA8OZ          KG8JG           ++            KB8TAT
9              AA9KY          KF9WC          N9XGH          KB9IYT
N. Mariana     KH0D           AH0AS          KH0CS          WH0AAY
Guam           WH2E           AH2CU          KH2JW          WH2ANK
Midway           ++           AH4AB          KH4AG          WH4AAH
Hawaii           ++           AH6NI          WH6UZ          WH6CRG
Amer. Samoa    AH8J           AH8AG          KH8BF          WH8ABB
Alaska           ++           AL7PQ          WL7ST          WL7CHQ
Virgin         WP2N           KP2CC          NP2HM          WP2AHU
Puerto Rico      ++           KP4WW           ++            WP4MPP

++All call signs in this group have been issued in this area.
NNNN
/EX

------------------------------

Date: 22 Jul 94 19:23:07 CST
From: elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!lll-winken.llnl.gov!uwm.edu!src.honeywell.com!The-Star.honeywell.com!centurio.mavd.honeywell.com!skyler.mavd.honeywell.com![e-mail]
Subject: ARRL Digital Conf Update 7/22
To: [e-mail]

       ARRL 13th ANNUAL DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AUGUST 19-21

Do you operate a Digital mode (maybe Pactor, Packet, GTOR or AMTOR) now?
Do you find it difficult to keep up with the latest Digital technology?
Would you like to know more about Digital modes?
If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, then you should attend the
13th Annual ARRL Digital Communications Conference.  Read on ...

The Conference will be held on August 19 - 21, 1994 at the Thunderbird
Convention Center, 2201 East 78th Street in Bloomington, Minnesota.
Accomodations are available at the adjacent Thunderbird Hotel, at the many
Hotels and Motels located within a short distance, and also at several area
RV\camper campgrounds.

Enjoy a weekend of fun learning about the latest developments in TCP/IP,
PACTOR, AMTOR, PACTOR-II, CLOVER, G-TOR, PACKET, DSP, and imaging.  Participate
in the nine forums about DSP, new HF modes, TCP/IP, VHF/UHF networking, BBS
SYSOP issues and more.  A glance at the program (attached) will show many
forums that will catch your interest!

****************************************************************************
*                          ***  NEWS FLASH  ***                            *
*                                                                          *
*              BEGINNER'S FORUM ADDED TO FRIDAY CONFERENCE AGENDA          *
*  If you are a newcomer to Digital Communications and feel somewhat       *
*  intimidated by all of the technical "jargon", then the Friday Evening   *
*  Beginner's Forum is just the thing for you.  Veteran instructor John    *
*  Kaplan, WR0W, will present a "crash" course from 7-9:30 PM to help you  *
*  feel more comfortable in the Saturday technical forums and discussions. *
*  There is no extra cost for this forum - its included in the main        *
*  registration fee.  Space is limited so register now!                    *
****************************************************************************

One of the highlights of the conference will be the presentation of 18
technical papers on the many aspects of digital communications throughout the
day on Saturday.  A list of papers is attached.  You will receive a copy of
all papers presented.

Many demonstrations of the latest in hardware and software will be presented.
When you leave, you will have an in-depth understanding of the latest digital
communications advancements and techniques.  The Saturday evening Technical
Showcase will feature TAPR Special Interest Group meetings for BBS SYSOPs
and on VHF/UHF network building and a nearly-mathless presentation of the
design and implementation of DSP software for a high-performance HF DSP
modem based on the $99 TI DSK DSP evaluation module by Johan Forrer, KC7WW.

The Hospitality Room will provide the place to meet old friends ... and make
new ones.  At the Saturday luncheon you will get to know "who's who" in
digital communications.  Meet the Engineering staff of manufacturers like
Kantronics and Timewave Technologies.  The optional Saturday evening diner
will provide another opportunity to make new friends.

If you want a break from the Conference, the Mall of America, with hundreds
of unique stores, is located within easy walking distance.  Your family will
enjoy Knott's Camp Snoopy theme park inside the Mall.  The renowned Minnesota
Zoo is only a short drive away.

The Conference registration fee is $45 per person, which includes admission to
all Conference activities, a luncheon buffet and a copy of the technical
papers.  An optional Saturday evening buffet is $20 per person additional.
Registration deadline is August 12th.

For more information about the Conference or special Airline and Motel
discounts call or write:
             ARRL Digital Communications Conference
             C/O Paul Ramey WG0G
             16266 Finland Avenue
             Rosemount, MN 55068
             Packet:     WG0G@WA0CQG.#MSP.MN.USA.NA
             Telephone:  [phone]
             Internet:    [e-mail]

The host organization for the 1994 ARRL Digital Communications Conference is
the TwinsLAN Amateur Radio Club.

       See YOU at the Digital Communications Conference August 19-21!
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         13th ANNUAL ARRL DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE
                         PRELIMINARY PROGRAM

Friday,    August 19

TIME         ROOM       EVENT
Noon - 6    PM     TBD       ARRL    "Future    Modes"
               Committee meeting.
Noon - 6    PM     TBD       ARRL    "219-MHz" Committee
               meeting.
4    - 10   PM     Menominee Conference check-in.
6 PM - 11   PM     Menominee Hospitality & Demo area open

Saturday, August 20
TIME         ROOM       EVENT
 6:30 -     Noon     Menominee Hospitality & Demo area open
 7:00 -     Noon     Menominee Conference Check-in.
 8:00 -     8:15 AM Miami       Conference "Welcome"
 8:30 -    10:00 AM Miami       Technical Paper Presentation
 8:30 -    10:00 AM Yakima       Forum - Developments    in DSP
                   For the Amateur.
 8:30 -    10:00 AM Shoshone  Forum - TCP/IP - What's next?
10:00 -    10:15 AM All       Break
10:15 -    11:45 AM Miami       Technical Paper Presentation
10:15 -    11:45 AM Yakima       Forum - ARRL    Committee
               Updates:  "Future Modes":
               Moderator - Paul Rinaldo W4RI
               and "219-MHz    Networking":
               Moderator - Tod Olson K0TO"
10:15 -    11:45 AM Shoshone  Forum - Digital Data    (Voice
               and Image) Transmission
               Method Developments.
11:45 -     Noon AM All       Break
Noon  -     1:00 PM Miami       Buffet Luncheon (Included)
 1:00 -     5:30 PM Menominee Hospitality & Demo area open
 1:15 -     2:45 PM Miami       Technical Paper Presentation
 1:15 -     2:45 PM Yakima       Forum - High-Speed (above
               1200    baud) data transfer
               methods and networking
               techniques.
 1:15 -     2:45 PM Shoshone  Forum - HF Data Transmission
               Methods - An    Over-view of
               Current Modes and What's
               Coming Next.
 2:45 -     3:00 PM All       Break
 3:00 -     4:30 PM All       Continuation    of all sessions
 5:30 -     6:30 PM Miami       Buffet Diner    (Optional)
 7:00 -    11:00 PM Menominee Hospitality & Demo area open
 7:00 -    10:00 PM Miami       Tucson Amateur Packet Radio
               (TAPR) Presents Special
               Interest Groups:
                  -    Packet BBS SYSOPs
                  -    VHF/UHF    Network    Building
 7:00 -    10:00 PM Yakima       American Digital Radio
               Society (ADRS)presents a
               technical presentation:
               "A Low Cost DSP Modem for HF Digital
                           Experimentation" by
               Johan Forrer, KC7WW

Sunday,    August 21

TIME         ROOM       EVENT
 8:30 -     Noon     Menominee Hospitality & Demo area open
10:00 -    11:00     Menominee Conference wrap-up and close.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
           13th ARRL Digital Communications Conference Proceedings

1.   A Proposal for a Standard Digital Radio Interface
    Written by Jeffrey Austen, K9JA

2.   Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS)
    Written by Bob Bruninga, WB4APR; Presented by Gwyn Reedy, W1BEL

3.   Broadcast, UI and un-connected protocols-the future of Amateur Packet
     Radio?
    Written and Presented by Paul Evans, W4/G4BKI

4.   Packet, GPS, APRS and the Future
    Written and Presented by Paul Evans, W4/G4BKI

5.   Computer Networks in Africa: From Utopian Discourse to Working Reality
    Written by Iain Cook

6.   A Low Cost DSP Modem for HF Digital Experimentation
    Written and Presented by Johan Forrer, KC7WW

7.   G-TOR: The Protocol
    Written by Mike Huslig, Phil Anderson, Karl Medcalf and Glenn Prescott
        Presented by Karl Medcalf and Mike Huslig.

8.   GMON-a G-TOR Monitoring Program for PC Compatibles
    Written by Richard Huslig and Phil Anderson, W0XI; Presented by Phil
        Anderson.

9.   A Theoretical Evaluation of the G-TOR Hybrid ARQ Protocol
    Written by Glenn E. Prescott, WB0SKX, And Phil Anderson, W0XI;
        Presented by Glenn Prescott

10.  On Fractal Compression of Images for Narrowband Channels and Storage
    W. Kinsner, VE4WK

11.  Fast CELP Algorithm and Implementation for Speech Compression
    A. Langi, VE4ARM, W. Grieder, VE4WSG, and W. Kinsner, VE4WK

12.  Wavelet Compression for Image Transmission Through Bandlimited Channels
    A. Langi, VE4ARM, and W. Kinsner, VE4WK

13.  ROSE X.25 Packet Switch Status Update
    Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY

14.  A Primer on Reliability as Applied to Amateur Radio Packet Networks
    T.C. McDermott, N5EG

15.  FSK Modem with Scalable Baud Rate
    Wolf-Henning Rech, N1EOW, and Gunter Jost, KD7WJ

16.  MacAPRS: Mac Automatic Packet Reporting System-A Macintosh Version of APRS
    Keith Sproul, WU2Z, and Mark Sproul, KB2ICI

17.  Formation of the TAPR Bulletin Board System Special Interest Group
    David A. Wolf, WO5H

18.  How Amateur Radio Operators Can Emulate an HF ALE Radio
    David R. Wortendyke, N0WGC

19.  A Preview of HF Packet Radio Modem Protocol Performance
    Teresa Young, Stephen Rieman, David Wortendyke, N0WGC

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rev. 7/22/94
______________________________________________________________________________
Carl Estey                  |  Home Mail Address: 276 Walnut Lane
Amateur Callsign:    WA0CQG |                     Apple Valley, MN 55124
                            |  Business Address:  Honeywell Inc.
Phone: Work [phone]  |  Flight Systems & Test Operations M/S MN15-2370
       FAX  [phone]  |  1625 Zarthan Ave. S., St. Louis Park, MN 55416
       Home [phone]  |  Packet: WA0CQG @ WA0CQG.#MSP.MN.USA.NA
The nonsense here is of my own making - no one else would want credit!

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 25 Jul 94 23:48:44 GMT
From: netcomsv!butch!enterprise![e-mail]
Subject: Did CB's used to require licenses?
To: [e-mail]

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Freeman A. Kilpatrick) writes:
|> I'm almost ashamed to admit it, but when I was about 10 (1975), I
|> had a CB license and a little CB base station.  I remember at that
|> time that I had a CB license, but I don't remember if they were
|> actually *required* or not.  It seems like the CB bands were fairly
|> well-behaved (politeness-wise) at that time, but it sounds like
|> they are pretty chaotic now (I haven't listened since 75).  This
|> brings up the following question:
|>
|> Why are the Ham bands more polite and well-behaved than the CB bands?
|> Is it
|> A)   The Ham license requirements force people to learn rules and
|> require a greater commitment
|> B)  The type of people who tend to use CB's are just "different" :)
|> C)  The Ham's set a better example than the CB'ers.
|> D)  The Ham's know they are accountable for their actions via their
|> registered licenses, so they behave.
|> E) ?
|>
|> I would be interested in hearing anyone's thoughts on this.  I'm not
|> trying to start a CB vs Ham flame war, I'm just trying to learn the
|> real effect of requiring licenses vs not requiring them.

Yes, CB required licenses until the late 70's or early 80's.  Calls
took the form or "KAB1234" or "KABC1234".  In the late 70's the CB
fad took off, as did the number of obnoxious operators (prior to that
the CB band sounded more or less like 2m does today!)  The FCC finally
threw up their hands and stopped regulating CB completely, except
where CBers interfered with other services.

The ham bands are more polite (in most cases) because hams tend to be
self-policing.  If someone steps outside the rules, they find out
about it fast.  On the CB band, the rule-breakers outnumber those
who would police them.  Unlicensed operators stand out like a sore
thumb on ham bands are are rebuked quickly.

It also might have something to do with the fact that new entry-level
ham gear costs 4 times as much as entry level CB gear.

George Lyle, N7TNJ

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 26 Jul 1994 02:19:03 GMT
From: agate!howland.reston.ans.net!swrinde!sdd.hp.com!hp-pcd!news![e-mail]
Subject: Did CB's used to require licenses?
To: [e-mail]

Freeman A. Kilpatrick <[e-mail]> wrote:

>I'm almost ashamed to admit it, but when I was about 10 (1975), I
>had a CB license and a little CB base station.

CB used to be licensed, but there was no test.  As a pre-teen in the early
1960's, I remember walking home from school every day and carefully noticing
all the different types of antennas people put up (how's that for being a
nerd?).  Through this, the closest I got to amateur radio was the use of a CB
station run by a local church, KOX-0528, and building a tube AM transmitter
in electronics class (I've still got it, and some spare 50C5's to boot).

I believe the licensing requirement was dropped during the CB craze of the
1970's.

By that time, I'd completely forgot about radio.  Only in the last few months
did I buy two CB HT's for the purpose of car-convoy communications in our
sports car club.  To say that I was dismayed to hear what CB has turned into
is putting it mildly (is whistling into the mike *really* the way to call
people, or is this a local phenomenon?).  In fact, in the two months I've had
these units, I've never talked to anyone, except for doing a simple distance-
test with my father!

But I should point out that the only reason I've been lurking in this group
for the past two weeks (and now going for a tech+ license) is because of the
presence of hams in rec.radio.cb and my slow realization that there are people
who take radio more seriously and can still have fun (incidentally, I thought
Rob Bellville's idea of Ham Radio Bootcamp was great).

-Dave

 ,----------------------------------------------------------------------------.
 |                         /                                                  |
 | Dave Munroe            /                               Hewlett-Packard     |
 | [e-mail]    /                             Vancouver, Washington  |
 |                      /                                                     |
 `----------------------------------------------------------------------------'

------------------------------

Date: 22 Jul 1994 23:40:22 GMT
From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!news.cerf.net!mvb.saic.com!news.alpha.net!pacifier!rainrgnews0!psgrain!charnel.ecst.csuchico.edu!olivea!koriel!news2me.EBay.Sun.COM!engnews2.Eng.Sun.COM![e-mail].
Subject: Elmers, please read (Re: CW)
To: [e-mail]

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Stan Olochwoszcz N2AYJ) writes:

>In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] writes:
>
>>maybe the ham community could just recommend against straight keys
>
>AAARRRRGGGGHHHH!!! NO, NO, NO! If anything, we should be ENCOURAGING good
>fists on straight keys. What happens when the battery dies in the keyer?

Uh...put in a new one?


Rich
--
Rich McAllister ([e-mail])

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 25 Jul 1994 13:36:57 GMT
From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!newsserver.jvnc.net!nntp.gmd.de!urmel.informatik.rwth-aachen.de!newsserver.rrzn.uni-hannover.de!muster!pippi![e-mail]
Subject: How to calc Locator code
To: [e-mail]

omebody told me that radio amateurs use some kind of "Locator Code"
which gives the geographical location of the sender. I know that this
code is easily computable from the location given in a map, but I can't
remember the algorithm. Who can tell me (email please) how to calculate this
code ?

Thanks.

--
+------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Arthur Teschler                    | Si vous reussissez          |
| Universitaet Giessen               | vous serez bientot couvert  |
| Institut fuer Med.Informatik       | de gloire.                  |
| Heinrich Buff Ring 44              |                             |
| D-35392 Giessen                    |                             |
| Tel.: [phone]             | (First telegraphed sentence |
| Fax.: [phone]                |                        1791)|
+------------------------------------+-----------------------------+

------------------------------

Date: 26 Jul 1994 10:48:42 GMT
From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!dog.ee.lbl.gov!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!news.umbc.edu!eff!news.duke.edu!godot.cc.duq.edu!duq3.cc.duq.edu![e-mail]
Subject: how to get a reciprocal license
To: [e-mail]

I will be going out of the country next month and would like to
know how I can get a reciprocal license to operate in a foreign
country.  I will be going to the Philippines.

please email responses if possible
thanks in advance

jerry

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 25 Jul 1994 19:41:30 GMT
From: pacbell.com!sgiblab!cs.uoregon.edu!usenet.ee.pdx.edu!fastrac.llnl.gov!lll-winken.llnl.gov!overload.lbl.gov!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu![e-mail]
Subject: Kenwood TS-520S
To: [e-mail]

    Does anyone know how much a used Kenwood TS-520S HF rig is worth?


    I am considering buying one and have little experiance with hf rigs.

    If someone could share any experiences with that radio or give any suggestions

    I would appreciate it very much!


    Thanks,


    Scott Sidener  [e-mail]    N0WFL

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 26 Jul 1994 01:19:34 GMT
From: agate!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!news.cs.indiana.edu!noose.ecn.purdue.edu!mozo.cc.purdue.edu!rain![e-mail]
Subject: Lead-calcium batteries
To: [e-mail]

I picked up a 12V 7Ah lead-calcium battery the other day for a pretty
good price and was wondering if there are any special considerations
on charging/discharging them.  The original use was apparently for
hobby applications (R/C or model rocket), but I don't see why it
shouldn't work OK for powering my HT (max. draw 1.5A).

According to the guy I bought it from, it can be charged by a car
battery charger if put on trickle charge.  Is this true?  If not, what
sort of charger do I need?




--
Mark D. Conner  - N9XTN                 Opinions expressed here are
Dept. of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences    not necessarily those of the
Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette IN 47907    Government, DoD, Purdue, or
[e-mail]        the author.

------------------------------

Date: 26 Jul 1994 03:10:13 GMT
From: agate!howland.reston.ans.net!cs.utexas.edu!geraldo.cc.utexas.edu!astro.as.utexas.edu![e-mail]
Subject: sock sizes
To: [e-mail]

[e-mail] (Robert Casey) says:

>Subject: Re: Socks here ,, New "Q" signal QSS: color & size of your socks
>>
>>A good idea overall, but what if you have taken a hint from the other
>>ongoing thread in this group, and are DXing in the nude?

>Well how about "QSS N", where N is for no socks.  or N for Nude?  :-)

Is this what people mean when they say they are operating barefoot?

Derek "who says sock colors should match, anyway?" Wills (AA5BT, G3NMX)
Department of Astronomy, University of Texas,
Austin TX 78712.  (512-471-1392)
[e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: 26 Jul 1994 11:23:16 GMT
From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!dog.ee.lbl.gov!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!swrinde!news.uh.edu!uuneo.neosoft.com!blkbox.COM![e-mail]
Subject: xNOS for FreeBSD 1.1??
To: [e-mail]

I'm running FreeBSD 1.1 on my system and would like to run  any of the
packet-compatible NOS versions so I can set up a packet PBBS. Has anyone
had any experience compiling JNOS or any of the similar NOS's in a
FreeBSD environment??

John Perry - KG5RG - [e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: 26 Jul 94 08:43:29 GMT
From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!dog.ee.lbl.gov!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!EU.net!sun4nl!ruuinf!ruunfs.fys.ruu.nl!faculty.chem.ruu.nl![e-mail]
To: [e-mail]

References <30vo14$[e-mail]>, <[e-mail]>, <311ivs$[e-mail]>s.fys.ru
Subject : Re: Why is 1750Hz tone used in Europe?

[e-mail] (Archie Medes) writes:

>[e-mail] (Timo Patana) writes:

>>BTW: i heard that there are also carrier-operated repeaters, at
>>least in Australia. I think it might cause problems, because of

>Even in Europe; Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands to name a few
>countries. But I haven't heard lots of QRM on them! Mostly as soon the
>carrier disappears, the relay falls of again.

>>all QRM on the air, the repeater would be "on" every now and then
>>even if nobody was trying to use it...thats why _some_ selective
>>calling is essential!

That's correct. In the 'old days' a repeater had to be activated
by a special signal, a tone. This was regulatory. Nowadays
the repeaters trigger on their squelch, just like the 'professional'
repeaters use(d) to do.
The fact that a tone was/is used, is to prevent the repeater being
opened unnecessary for whatever reason.

Ciao, Remco PA3FYM

------------------------------

End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #843
******************************